牛津实用英语语法 21各种表示比较的句子结构
(另参见第341节。) A形容词的原级可与as…as连用表示“和……同样……”,与not as/so…as连用表不“不如……那样……”: A boy of sixteen is often as tall as his father. 一个16岁的男孩常常长得和他父亲一样高。 He was as white as a sheet. 他面色苍白如纸。 Manslaughter is not as/so bad as murder. 杀人罪没有谋杀罪那么重。 Your coffee is not as/so good as the coffee my mother makes. 你煮的咖啡不如我母亲煮的好。 B形容词比较级可与than连用: The new tower blocks are much higher than the old buildings. 新建的塔楼群比旧楼房要高得多。 He makes fewer mistakes than you(do). 他犯的错比你少。 He is stronger than I expected. 他长得要比我想像的结实。相当于: I didn’t expect him to be so strong. 我没想到他长得这么壮。 It was more expensive than I thought. 这比我预料的昂贵多了。相当于: I didn’t think it would be so expensive. 我没想到它会有这么贵。 如省略than…时,英语口语中常用最高级代替比较级: This is the best way. 这是最好的办法。 在只有两种选择时也可用这种表示方法。 (参见用做代词的形容词的比较级、最高级,第24节B。) C三个或三个以上的人或物进行比较时,以最高级与the…in/of结构连用的方式来表达: This is the oldest theatre in London. 这是伦敦最古老的剧院。 The youngest of the family was the most successful. 全家年龄最小的是最有成就的。 关系从句中经常使用完成时态: It/This is the best beer(that) I have ever drunk. 这是我所喝过的最好的啤酒。 It/This was the worst film(that) he had ever seen. 这是他所看过的电影中最差的一部。 He is the kindest man(that) I have ever met. 他是我遇到过的最仁厚的人。 It was the most worrying day(that) he had ever spent. 这是他度过的最烦恼的日子。 注意:这里用的是ever而不是never;然而可以把never与比较级连用来表示同一概念: I have never drunk better beer. 我从来没喝过这么好的啤酒。 I have never met a kinder man. 我从来没遇见过这么仁厚的人。 He had never spent a more worrying day. 他从来没有度过这样烦恼的日子。 注意:most+形容词(most前不加the)意为“非常”: You are most kind.相当于: You are very kind. 你很好心。 意为“非常”的most主要和双音节或多音节形容词连用,如:annoying(令人烦恼的),apologetic(歉意的),disobedient(不服从的),encouraging(令人鼓舞的),exciting(兴奋的),helpful(有帮助的),important(重要的),misleading(误导的)等。 D要表达两个事物彼此相应增长时可用the+比较级…the+ 比较级这种结构: House Agent:Do you want a big house? 房地产经纪人:你想买一栋大房子吗? Ann:Yes,the bigger the better. 安:是的,越大越好。 Tom:But the smaller it is,the less it will cost us to heat. 汤姆:可是,房子越小,花的取暖费就越少。 E一个事物的逐渐增长或减少用两个由and连接的比较级表示: The weather is getting colder and colder. 天气越来越冷了。 He became less and less interested. 他越来越不感兴趣。 F用动名词或动词不定式对行为进行比较: Riding a horse is not as easy as riding a motor cycle. 骑马不像骑摩托那么容易。 It is nicer/more fun to go with someone than to go alone. 偕伴同去比自己独自去好玩。 (参见第341节。) G原级与like(相似,介词)和alike连用的结构: Tom is very like Bill. 汤姆长得很像比尔。 Bill and Tom are very alike. 贝尔和汤姆长得很像。 He keeps the central heating full on.It’s like living in the tropics. 他把暖气开到最大。就好像住在热带一样。 H原级与like和as连用(下面列举几个副词和形容词的句子)从理论上讲like(介词)只能与名词、代词和动名词连用: He swims like a fish. 他游起泳来像条鱼。 You look like a ghost. 你都不像人样了。 Be like Peter/him:go jogging. 像彼得/他那样:去慢跑吧。 The windows were all barred.It was like being in prison. 窗子都用铁棒封住了。就像住在监狱里一样。 as(连词)与动词连用的结构: Do as Peter does:go jogging. 像彼得那样:去慢跑吧。 Why don’t you cycle to work as we do? 你干嘛不像我们这样骑车上班? 但在英语口语中,这些地方常用like代替as: Cycle to work like we do. 像我们一样骑车上班。 I like+名词和as+名词结构: He worked like a slave. 他像奴隶一样地干活。(非常劳累) He worked as a slave. 他作为奴隶干活。(他是奴隶。) She used her umberlla as a weapon. 她拿伞当武器。(她用伞打他。) |