牛津实用英语语法 58 what的用法

A what是一个指事物的疑问词：

What bird is that？

那是什么鸟？

What makes that noise？

什么发出的噪音？

What country do you come from？

你是哪国人？

What did he say？

他说了什么？

B what…for？意为“为什么”：

What did you do that for？相当于：

Why did you do that？

你为什么做那事？

C what＋be…like？要求对方进行描述，可以用于人或物：

—What was the exam like？

—It was very difficult．

—这次考试怎么样？

—难极了。

—What was the weather like？

—It was very windy．

—天气怎么样？

—风很大。

—What’s the food like in your hostel？

—It’s quite good．

—你们学生公寓的伙食怎么样？

—还不错。

用于人时，既可指人的外表，也可指人的性格、品质：

He’s short and fat and wears glasses．

他个子不高，很胖，戴眼镜。

He’s a very talkative，friendly man．

他是一个非常健谈、和善的人。

what does he／she／it look like？仅指外表，也表示他／她／它像谁（什么）：

—What does she look like？

—She is tall and glamorous．She looks like a film star．

 —她长什么样儿？

—她个子很高，很有魅力。看上去像个电影明星。

—What does it look like？

—It’s black and shiny．It looks like coal．

—它看上去什么样？

—它黑而亮，看上去像煤。

D what is he？表示他从事什么职业：

—What is his father？

—He is a tailor．

—他父亲是干什么的？

—他是个裁缝。

what作形容词时可用于指人，但不常见：What students are you talking about？（你们在谈论哪些学生？）这种用法是可以的，但用Which students…？时较为常见。

E what和how用于有关度量等的提问中

what主要与这些名词连用为what＋age／depth／height／length／ width，但在口语中用how old／deep／high／tall／long／wide？结构。在需要准确的回答时用what size／weight？结构，尽管也可用how big／heavy？结构：

What age are you？／What is your age？／How old are you？

你多大年龄？

What height is he？／What is his height？／How tall is he？

他有多高？

What is the weight of the parcel？／How heavy is it？

包裹有多重？

What size do you take in shoes？

你穿多大号的鞋？