牛津实用英语语法 90 表示时间和日期的介词:at,on,by,before
A at,on 用at来表示在某一时刻: at dawn在黎明 at six在6点钟 at midnight在午夜 at 4∶30在4点30分 用at来表示在……岁时: at sixteen/at the age of sixteen 16岁的时候 She got married at seventeen. 她17岁结婚。 用on来表示在星期几/某日: on Monday在星期一 on 4 June在 6月 4日 on Christmas Day在圣诞节那一天 但以下的情况例外: at night在晚上 at Christmas在圣诞节期间(不仅当天) at Easter在复活节期间(不仅当天) on the morning/afternoon/evening/night of a certain date在某一具体日期的早上/下午/傍晚/夜里 We arrived on the morning of the sixth. 我们在6号早上到达。 当然也可以说: this/next Monday在这个/下个星期一 any Monday在任何一个星期一 one Monday在某个星期一 B by,before by a time/date/period=at that time or before/not later than that date 在那一时刻或在那一日期或不迟于那一日期 这种表示方法常暗指在那一时刻或日期之前: The train starts at 6∶10,so you had better be at the station by 6∶10. 火车6点10分发车,所以你最好在6点10分之前到达火车站。 by+a time常常和完成时态连用,尤其与将来完成时态连用(参见第216节): By the end of July I’ll have read all those books. 到7月底我将已把那些书全读完了。 before可作介词、连词或副词: Before signing this… 在签署这个之前……(介词) Before you sign this… 在你签署这个之前……(连词) I’ve seen him somewhere before. 我以前在什么地方见到过他。(副词) (参见第195节B与第342节。) C on time,in time,in good time on time(按时,准时,既不在此时以前也不迟于此时): The 8∶15 train started on time. 8点15分的火车按时发车。相当于: It started at 8∶15. 火车在点15分正点发车。 in time/in time for(+名词)(及时,不迟于……);in good time (for)(留有充足的时间): Passengers should be in time for their train. 旅客们要乘坐火车时应当早点到。 I arrived at the concert hall in good time(for the concert). 我及时到达了音乐厅。(也许音乐会7点半开始,而我在7点15分就到了)。 D on arrival,on arriving,on reaching,on getting to On arrival/on arriving,he…相当于: When he arrives/arrived,he… 在他到达时,他…… 同理,on也可以与其他某些动词(主要是表示沟通思想的动词)连用: On checking,she found that some of the party didn’t know the way. 经核查,她发现这一组人中有些不认得路。 On hearing/Hearing that the plane had been diverted,they left the air- port. 一听到飞机已经改飞别的机场,他们就离开了机场。 后面一句中的on可以省略。(参见第277节。) E at the beginning/end,in the beginning/end,at first/at lastat the beginning(of…)(在……的开头)/at the end(of…)(在……的最后,照其字面的含义表示在开头/最后): At the beginning of a book there is often a table of contents. 在一本书的开头常常有个目录。 At the end there may be an index. 结尾处可能有索引。 in the beginning/at first(=in the early stages在当初/最初)暗示着以后有所变化。 In the beginning/At first we used hand tools.Later we had machines. 当初/最初我们用手工工具,后来我们有了机器。 in the end/at last(=eventually/after some time最后/终于/后来): At first he opposed the marriage,but in the end he gave his consent. 最初他反对这桩婚事,但最终还是同意了。 |