魔法英语语法手册(初中版) 第三章 冠词四、零冠词
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在英语中，许多情况下名词前不用冠词。? ①在专有名词前不用冠词。例如：? China 中国 John 约翰 Australia 澳大利亚? No.1.Middle School 第一中学?National Day国庆节? ②在名词前已有作定语用的指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格时，不用冠词。例如：? The radio is on her desk. 收音机在她书桌上。? Are there any birds in that tree??那棵树上有鸟儿吗？? Some young pioneers are working on the farm.?一些少先队员正在农场劳动。? ③复数名词表示一类人或事物时，名词前不用冠词。例如：? My uncle and aunt are both doctors.?我的叔叔和婶婶都是医生。? My mother likes cakes. 我妈妈喜欢吃蛋糕。? Horses are useful animals. 马是有用的动物。? ④在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前不加冠词。例如：? Uncle Wang 王叔叔 Mr Green 格林先生?Miss Li 李小姐 Chairman Hu 胡主席? Dr Smith史密斯博士 Professor Chen 陈教授? ⑤在季节、月份、星期的名称前不用冠词。例如：? It’s very hot in summer. 夏季天气很热。? This kind of flowers comes out in February.?这种花在二月份开放。? We usually have class meetings on Wednesday.?我们通常在周三开班会。? ⑥在一日三餐、学科、球类、棋牌类名词前不用冠词。例如：? We have Chinese, maths, English, and other subjects at school. 我们在学校学习语文、数学、英语和其他课程。? I have lunch at a quarter to twelve every day.?我每天11：45吃午饭。? Children love to play football. 孩子们热爱踢足球。? ⑦在表示交通方式的介词短语中，不用冠词。例如：? Do you usually come to Guangzhou by plane or by train? 你通常是乘飞机还是乘火车来广州？? We are going to the zoo on foot tomorrow.?我们打算明天步行去动物园。? How do you like going there by bike??你觉得骑自行车去那儿怎样？? ⑧当抽象名词或物质名词来表示一般概念时不用冠词。例如：? The girl enjoys music very much.?这个小姑娘非常热爱音乐。? Please put sugar into it. 请往里面加糖。? Milk is necessary for children.?牛奶是儿童所必需的(食品)。? ⑨两个相同及相对的名词并用时，也不用冠词。例如：? father and son 父与子 hand in hand 手拉手? day and night 日夜 face to face 面对面? sun and moon 日月 side and side 肩并肩? ⑩用于某些搭配中。例如：? go to work 去上班 go to school 去上学?on time 按时；准时at home 在家? go to college上大学?go to church去教堂（做礼拜）?by bike 骑自行车 on foot 步行?in bed 在睡觉 in front of 在……前面?at table 进餐 in future 今后?on earth 究竟 in hospital 住院? 五、 习惯用语中使用冠词和不使用冠词的差异与辨析 ① in front of 在……的前面（外部）? in the front of在……的前面（内部） ? { Don’t put the chair in front of me.?别把椅子放在我的前面。? Lin Tao sits in the front of his classroom.?林涛坐在教室的前面。? ② at table 在进餐? at the table 在餐桌旁 ? { Look!The Whites are at table.?看！怀特一家人正在吃饭。? They usually have a rest at the table after meals.?饭后他们在桌子旁边休息一会儿。 ③ go to school 去上学? go to the school 去学校 ? { The boy doesn’t like to go to school in his father’s car. ?那个男孩不喜欢乘他父亲的小汽车去上学。? He hurried off to go to the school.?他匆匆忙忙离开去那个学校了。? ④ in hospital 住院? in the hospital 在医院里 ? { It’s said that his father has been ill in hospital for? several months. 据说他的父亲已生病住院好几个月。? My parents both work in the hospital.?我父母双方都在医院里工作。? ⑤ in future （从今以后的）将来? in the future （较为遥远的）将来 ? { You should be careful with your pronunciation.?从今以后你应该注意发音。? We’ll go to the moon by spaceship in the future.? 我们将来将乘宇宙飞船去月球。 ? ⑥ next week 下一周? the next week 第二周（过去或将来某个时间之后） ? { A famous doctor will give us a talk next week.? 下周一位著名的医生将给我们做报告。? The singer left Yunnan the next week.?第二周那个歌手离开了云南。 ? ⑦ on earth 究竟? on the earth 在地球上 ? { What on earth are you looking for??你究竟在找什么？? Elephants are the biggest animals on the earth.?大象是世界上最大的动物。 ? ⑧ in bed 在睡觉? in the bed 在床上 ? { It’s 12.o’clock at night now. And my father has been in bed. 现在是晚上十二点钟。我父亲已经睡觉了。? We are playing cards in the bed now.?我们现在正在床上玩牌。 ? ⑨ go to church 去做礼拜? go to the church 去教堂 ? { The old lady goes to church every week.?这位老太太每周都去做礼拜。? The thief went to the church to steal oil.?这个小偷曾去教堂偷过油。 ? ⑩ take place 发生? take the place of 代替 ? { What took place last night? 昨晚发生了什么事？? Who will take the place of yours? 谁会来代替你？ ? 注意. 在一些短语中，有无冠词并无区别。 例如：? at least(at the least)至少?at most(at the most)至多? turn to right(the right)向右拐?in face of(in the face of)面对? on one handon the other hand一方面……另一方面 |
