考研英语核心词汇辨析(六)
bush, shrub, jungle 这一组词均与树木有关。 bush n.矮树丛。 shrub n.有木茎的灌木,灌木丛。 jungle n.热带稠密的雨林或丛林。 certify, rectify, testify, verify 这是一组形近易混词。 certify v.证明,声称是真的。 He certified it was his wife's handwriting.他证明那是他妻子的手迹。 rectify v.改正,纠正;整顿。 He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording.他通过改变措辞纠正了合同里的错。 testify v. (在法庭上)宣誓作证;表明。 He is the only person who can testify in this case, because the other witnesses were killed mysteriously.由于其他的证人已经被神秘地杀害,他成为这件案例中唯一可以作证的人。 verify v. (用事实)证实或核实。 I verified the store's address by calling to check it.我打电话询问,以核实商店的地址。 compel, constrain, force, oblige 这一组动词都有"强迫"的意思。 compel v.强迫,迫使,常表示运用权利、力量迫使对方做某事;有时也表示"别无办法,不得不做"。 His illness compelled him to stay in bed.他的病迫使他卧床休息。 constrain v.力劝,强迫,与compel意思相近,但更多强调内心情感(如道德、怜悯等)的强迫和限制作用,一般用于正式的场合。 As an artist he didn't consider himself constrained by the same rules of social conduct as other people.他认为自己是艺术家,不必象一般人那样要受到社会行为准则的约束。 force v.强迫,迫使,暴力威胁的意味较浓,常用于被动语态。 The thief forced her to hand over the money.强盗逼迫她把钱交出来。 oblige v. (因法律、习俗等)强迫,迫使,常常用于被动。 We are obliged to stop the car at a red light.我们遇到红灯时必须停车。 complaint, disorder 这两个词都有"疾病"的意思。 complaint n.疾病(主要指病人去看病时向医生描述的病症,既可以是小病、慢性病,也可以是传染性疾病);抱怨,埋怨,不满。 a heart complaint心脏病 disorder n. (精神或肉体的)疾病(着重于身心、机能的失调、不平衡);骚乱,动乱;混乱,杂乱。 a disorder of the digestive system消化系统疾病 complement, supplement,append 这三个名词都有"补充"的意思。 complement n.补充,补充物,主要指补充不足使之完美。 Rice makes an excellent complement to a curry dish.有咖喱的菜配米饭最棒。 supplement n.增补,补充,补贴,主要指另外补加,增补。 One year after we made our report, we had to add a supplement to cover new events.我们在报告完成一年之后,必须增补一个包含新事件的附加部分。 append n.附加,添上或补充某事物(尤指文字)。 The lawyer appended two more pages to the contract.律师在合同后又附加了两页。 component, element, factor, ingredient 这一组名词都有"组成成分"的意思。 component n.零部件;(某事物的)组成部分;成分。 Tires, the engine, the body, and the seats are component of a car.轮胎,引擎,车身以及坐椅都是一辆汽车的零部件。 element n.元素;组成部分,方面;某特定类型的人或群体,分子。 The elements hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water.氢元素和氧元素构成了水。 He belongs to a bad element in this city.他属于这个城市的坏分子。 factor n.因素,要素,侧重指原因。 Endurance is an important factor in success in sports.耐力是体育比赛成功的一个重要因素。 ingredient n.原料,成分,要素。 Flour, milk, butter and yeast are some ingredients in bread.面粉、牛奶、黄油和酵母是做面包的一些原料。 comprise, compose, consist, constitute, include 这一组动词都有"组成,包含"的意思。 comprise v.包含,包括,由……组成(整体);组成,构成。 Our company's product line comprises 2,500 different items.我们公司的生产线是由2,500个不同的组成部分构成的。 compose v.构成(整体),组成;由……组成(后接of,常用于被动语态);创作(作曲、诗歌等)。 The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents.委员会主要由教师和学生家长组成。 consist v.组成,构成,由……组成(后接of,常用于主动语态);(后接in)在于,存在于。 The problem consists of two parts.问题由两部分组成。 The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.这计划的好处就在于简单易行。 constitute v.构成,组成(整体)。 Crime and illegal drugs constitute the city's major problems.犯罪和非法毒品买卖是这个城市面临的主要问题。 include v.包括,包含,把……列入。 The conference delegates included representatives from abroad.大会代表中有来自海外的代表。 |