2007年6月1日 美俄和平排名低

一项新的研究根据和平程度对121个国家进行了排名，俄罗斯落在最后5名之列，美国排在也门之，位居后30名之列。

A new study ranking 121 countries according to how peaceful they are puts Russia in the bottom five and the US below Yemen in the bottom 30.

这项研究由经济学人智库(Economist Intelligence Unit)进行，由澳大利亚企业家、慈善家史蒂夫o基利亚(Steve Killelea)资助。

The study was conducted by the Economic Intelligence Unit and financed by Steve Killelea, an Australian entrepreneur and philanthropist.

研究指出，自1990年和冷战结束以来，武装冲突数量大幅下降。报告的执行概要称，这个统计数据鲜为人知，"说明和平研究未能对全球媒体产生重大影响"。

The study points out that the number of armed conflicts has decreased dramatically since 1990 and the end of the cold war. That this statistic was little known "is indicative of how the study of peace has failed to make a significant impact across the world's media", the report's executive summary says.

美国排在第96位，介乎也门和伊朗之间。排名如此之低的部分原因在于其高昂的军费开支和境外军事活动。但拉低其排名的原因还包括：美国在狱人数为全球人均最高水平，以及作为发达国家巨大的杀人犯数量。

The poor score for the US, ranked 96th between Yemen and Iran, was attributable in part to high military spending and engagements beyond its borders. But it was also marked down by prison population - the highest per capita in the world - and large numbers of homicides for a developed country.

俄罗斯排在第118位，部分原因在于与车臣分裂分子的冲突。这已波及到相邻的几个共和国，导致莫斯科和俄罗斯其它地方遭受恐怖主义袭击。

Russia's 118th place was accounted for in part by its conflict with separatists in Chechnya. This has spilt over into neighbouring republics, and led to terrorist attacks in Moscow and elsewhere in Russia.

这进而降低了公民的信任度。由于高企的谋杀和暴力犯罪率，俄罗斯的公民信任度本来就很低。按人均计算，俄罗斯的在狱人数仅次于美国，位列第二。

This in turn has reduced levels of trust among citizens, already low because of high rates of murder and violent crime. The prison population is second only to the US in per-capita terms.

英国位列第49位，而其它八国集团(G8)成员国的排名则靠前得多：日本位列第5，加拿大第8，德国第12，意大利33，法国34。排名最高的是挪威，紧随其后的是新西兰、丹麦和爱尔兰。

The UK was assessed 49th, with other members of the Group of Eight faring better: Japan at fifth, Canada eighth, Germany 12th, Italy 33rd and France 34th. The highest ranked was Norway followed by New Zealand, Denmark and Ireland.

伊拉克的和平程度最低，其次是苏丹和以色列。

Iraq was ranked the least peaceful followed by Sudan and Israel.

研究发现，欧盟(EU)等地区集团中稳定的小国，最有可能获得较高排名。

The study found small, stable countries part of regional blocs, such as the European Union, were most likely to be highly ranked.

研究还发现，促成国内和平的主要因素是收入、受教育范围和地区一体化水平。对于外部和平，没有单一影响排名的共同因素。

It found the main factors accounting for internal peace were income, extent of schooling and level of regional integration. No single common factor accounted for the ranking for external peace.

与国内和平相关的因素，如杀人犯数量及在狱人数，所占权重为60%。与外部和平相关的因素，如军费开支和有组织冲突中的死亡人数，所占权重为40%。

Factors associated with internal peace, such as the number of homicides and the prison population, were given a weighting of 60 per cent. Those associated with external peace, such as military expenditure and deaths in organised conflict, were weighted at 40 per cent.

该报告运用了24项指标。这些指标分为3类：国内国际冲突指标；国内安全保障指标；以及军事化指标。

The study used 24 indicators divided into three categories: measures of domestic and international conflict; measures of safety and security within society; and measures of militarisation.