经济金融术语汉英对照表（央行权威版）3

G 

改革试点 reform experimentation

杠杆率 leverage ratio

杠杆收购 leveraged buyout

高息集资 to raise funds by offering high interest

个人股 non-institutional shares

根本扭转 fundamental turnaround (or reversal)

公开市场操作 open market operations

公款私存 deposit public funds in personal accounts

公用事业 public utilities

公有经济 the state-owned sector; the public sector

公有制 public ownership

工业成本利润率 profit-to-cost ratio

工业增加值 industrial value added

供大于求 supply exceeding demand; excessive supply

鼓励措施 incentives

股份合作企业 joint-equity cooperative enterprises

股份制企业 joint-equity enterprises

股份制银行 joint-equity banks

固定资产贷款 fixed asset loans

关税减免 tariff reduction and exemption

关税减让 tariff concessions

关税优惠 tariff incentives; preferential tariff treatment

规范行为 to regularize (or standardize)…behavior

规模效益 economies of scale

国计民生 national interest and people’s livelihood

国家对个人其他支出 other government outlays to individuals

国家风险 country risk

国际分工 international division of labor

国际收支 balance of payments

国有独资商业银行 wholly state-owned commercial banks

国有经济（部门）the state-owned (or public) sector

国有企业 state-owned enterprises (SOEs)

国有制 state-ownership

国有资产流失 erosion of state assets

国债回购 government securities repurchase

国债一级自营商 primary underwriters of government securities

过度竞争 excessive competition

过度膨胀 excessive expansion

过热迹象 signs of overheating

H

合理预期 rational expectation

核心资本 core capital

合资企业 joint-venture enterprises

红利 dividend

宏观经济运营良好 sound macroeconomic performance

宏观经济基本状况 macroeconomic fundamentals

宏观调控 macroeconomic management (or adjustment)

宏观调控目标 macroeconomic objectives (or targets)

坏账 bad debt

还本付息 debt service

换汇成本 unit export cost; local currency cost of export earnings

汇兑在途 funds in float

汇兑支出 advance payment of remittance by the beneficiary’s bank

汇率并轨 unification of exchange rates

活期存款 demand deposits

汇率失调 exchange rate misalignment

混合所有制 diversified (mixed) ownership

货币政策态势 monetary policy stance

货款拖欠 overdue obligations to suppliers